Additional stuff to install on Ubuntu

This list features programs I install additionally in Ubuntu and it will grow from time to time! :)

adb - Android Debug Bridge
amarok - Music Player
aptitude - Menu-driven package manager (text-mode)
audacity - Audio Editor
avidemux - Video Editor
blender - 3D Program
calibre - Powerful and easy to use e-book manager
Dia - Diagram Creation Program
ekiga - SIP VoIP Client
Epiphany-Browser - Simple but powerful Web Browser (GNOME Web)
exFAT - Utilities for the proprietary Extended File Allocation Table filessystem
fastboot - Small tool to re-flash partitions on your android device
filezilla - FTP Client
freeplane - Mind mapping and knowledge management program
F3 - Check USB-Drives - Fight Flash Fraud, or Fight Fake Flash
gddrescue - GNU ddrescue data recovery tool
GIMP - GNU Image Manipulation Program
gparted - Partitioning Program
Grsync - GUI for Rsync, the command line directory and file synchronization tool
gtkterm - Serial Terminal
hardinfo - Displays information about your hardware, OS and Benchmarks
heimdall - Tool to flash firmware onto Samsung mobile devices
htop - An interactive process viewer
inkscape - SVG Graphics Editor
iotop - Shows how much I/O is going on
K3b - CD/DVD Burning Program
kdenlive - Video Editor (inofficial sucessor of kino)
KeePass - Password Safe
LibreOffice -  Free Office Suite
nfs-common - Network File System Clinent files
nmap - Network Monitor
okular - Additional PDF Viewer (KDE)
openvpn - Open Source VPN
p7zip - File Achiver
pidgin - Instant Messaging Client
samba - Cross-platform file and printer sharing
scribus - Desktop Page Layout Program
sshfs - Network filesystem client to connect to SSH servers
terminator - Terminal
TestDisk -  Powerful free data recovery software
tightvnc - VNC Client
UNetbootin - Create bootable Live USB drives
Viking - GPS Data Editor and Analyzer
vim - Nice Editor
Virtualbox - x86 and AMD64/Intel64 Virtualization
vlc - Video LAN Client, a nice Multimedia Player and Streamer
xsensors - Displays information like CPU temp. from your motherboard sensors

And for the lazy ones:
sudo apt-get install android-tools-adb android-tools-fastboot aptitude audacity blender calibre dia epiphany-browser exfat-utils filezilla freeplane f3 gddrescue gimp gparted grsync gtkterm hardinfo heimdall-flash heimdall-flash-frontend htop inkscape iotop k3b kdenlive keepass2 libreoffice nfs-common nmap okular openvpn p7zip-full pidgin samba scribus sshfs terminator testdisk viking vim virtualbox vlc xsensors xtightvncviewer

I also recommend changing Nautilus to List view.

In Ubuntu 16.04 there is no install candidate for avidemux anymore.
In Ubuntu 18.04 there is no install candidate for UNetbootin anymore.

In Ubuntu 20.04 there is no install candidate for amarok and ekiga anymore.

In Firefox i recomend the following plugins:
Tab Counter
Tree Style Tab
uBlock Origin
Video DownloadHelper
Video DownloadHelper Companion App

Android versions on different moblies

Here is an initial overview of Android based mobile phones and which version of Android they are running (shipped, official update, community update)

Mobile phone	Android shipped	official update	community update	Comments
Android Dev Phone 1 / HTC Dream / T-Mobile G1	1.0, 1.1	1.1, 1.5, 1.6	2.2.1, 2.3.7	Update HBoot to 1.3.0033d and Radio to 2.22.28.25 for more available RAM
HTC Desire	2.1	2.2, 2.3.3	2.3.7, 4.1.2, 4.2.2	Use A2SD for more app-storage
HTC Hero / T-Mobile G2	1.5	2.1	2.3.7
HTC Magic	1.5, 1.6	2.2.3	2.2.1, 2.3.7	Update HBoot to 1.3.0033d and Radio to 2.22.28.25
LG GW620	1.5	1.6, 2.2.1	2.2.1, 2.3.7, 2.3.7	...
Motorola Milestone	2.0	2.1	2.3.4	...
Samsung Galaxy Spica I5700	1.5, 2.1	2.1	2.3.4	...

A more complete list of Android devices you can find on Wikipedia.